{"id":2905,"date":"2020-03-30T15:45:42","date_gmt":"2020-03-30T13:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.proof.de\/?post_type=encyclopedia&p=2905"},"modified":"2025-11-11T19:10:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T18:10:29","slug":"kolorimetrs","status":"publish","type":"encyclopedia","link":"http:\/\/blog.proofs.de\/lv\/lexikon\/farbmessgeraet\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolorimetrs"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n Nov\u0113rt\u0113jiet tagad<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

Kolorimetrs ir instruments, ar ko m\u0113ra Kr\u0101su atra\u0161an\u0101s vieta<\/a>kr\u0101sas. To izmanto, lai objekt\u012bvi noteiktu eso\u0161\u0101s kr\u0101sas kr\u0101su v\u0113rt\u012bbas. \u0160os instrumentus izmanto poligr\u0101fij\u0101 un Pier\u0101d\u012bjums<\/a>-Tie ir neaizst\u0101jami kr\u0101su m\u0113r\u012bjumu jom\u0101, jo tie aizvieto cilv\u0113ka subjekt\u012bvo kr\u0101su uztveri ar objekt\u012bviem, kvantitat\u012bvi izm\u0113r\u0101miem m\u0113r\u012bjumu datiem. To galven\u0101 funkcija ir re\u0123istr\u0113t virsmu optisk\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas un p\u0101rv\u0113rst t\u0101s standartiz\u0113t\u0101s skaitlisk\u0101s v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101s, kas parasti tiek izteiktas k\u0101 CIELab<\/a>*-Kr\u0101su telpa<\/a>, tulkot. Tas nodro\u0161ina prec\u012bzu Kr\u0101su p\u0101rvald\u012bba<\/a> var iev\u0113rot starptautiskos standartus un nodro\u0161in\u0101t konsekventu un reproduc\u0113jamu kr\u0101su atveidi da\u017e\u0101dos inform\u0101cijas nes\u0113jos, drukas procesos un \u0123eogr\u0101fiskaj\u0101s viet\u0101s. Bez kr\u0101su m\u0113rier\u012bc\u0113m m\u016bsdien\u012bg\u0101 poligr\u0101fijas nozar\u0113 neb\u016btu iedom\u0101jama kr\u0101su konsekventa komunik\u0101cija.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poligr\u0101fijas nozar\u0113 ir da\u017e\u0101da veida kr\u0101su m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas ier\u012bces, galvenok\u0101rt: Densitometrs<\/a> un Spektrofotometrs<\/a>. Densitometri m\u0113ra tikai tintes optisko bl\u012bvumu, t. i., cik daudz gaismas absorb\u0113 apdruk\u0101t\u0101 virsma. Tie vair\u0101k l\u012bdzin\u0101s iespiedma\u0161\u012bnas darbar\u012bkiem un \u013cauj iespied\u0113jam kontrol\u0113t tintes sl\u0101\u0146a biezumu un Tona v\u0113rt\u012bbas palielin\u0101\u0161ana<\/a> vai izplat\u012b\u0161anos. T\u0101p\u0113c bl\u012bvumm\u0113rs ir ide\u0101li piem\u0113rots procesa kontrolei. Tom\u0113r tie nevar sniegt inform\u0101ciju par kr\u0101su (piem\u0113ram, par to, vai Laboratorija<\/a>*-v\u0113rt\u012bbas).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kolorimetrs<\/a> vai lab\u0101kie, bet ar\u012b d\u0101rg\u0101ki un pla\u0161\u0101k izmantotie spektrofotometri ir prec\u012bz\u0101kas un daudzpus\u012bg\u0101kas ier\u012bces. Spektrofotometri jo \u012bpa\u0161i m\u0113ra visu Spektrs<\/a> atstarot\u0101s gaismas \u013coti da\u017e\u0101du vi\u013c\u0146a garumu grad\u0101cijas. \u0160os spektr\u0101los datus var izmantot, lai noteiktu gan bl\u012bvumu, gan kr\u0101su koordin\u0101tas kr\u0101su telp\u0101s, piem\u0113ram, CIELab* vai XYZ<\/a> apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101t. Spektrofotometri ir F<\/span>arb profil\u0113\u0161ana un kalibr\u0113\u0161ana korekt\u016br\u0101 un druk\u0101\u0161an\u0101. Tie \u013cauj apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101t kr\u0101su att\u0101lumus (DeltaE) un t\u0101p\u0113c ir \u013coti svar\u012bgi kvalit\u0101tes nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anai un sertific\u0113\u0161anai saska\u0146\u0101 ar standartiem, piem\u0113ram. ISO 12647<\/a>. Spektrofotometrus izmanto gan spektrofotometru izveidei. ICC<\/a>profiliem, k\u0101 ar\u012b kr\u0101su precizit\u0101tes verifik\u0101cijai. Pier\u0101d\u012bjumi<\/a> izmantots.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poligr\u0101fijas nozar\u0113 parasti izmanto 45\/0 gr\u0101du m\u0113rier\u012bces, piem\u0113ram, pla\u0161i izmantoto X-Rite i1Pro2. T\u0101s m\u0113ra gaismu 45 gr\u0101du le\u0146\u0137\u012b un re\u0123istr\u0113 atstarojumu perpendikul\u0101ri (0 gr\u0101di) virsmai. \u0160o metodi vispla\u0161\u0101k izmanto Kr\u0101su m\u0113r\u012b\u0161ana<\/a> uz glud\u0101m vai viegli struktur\u0113t\u0101m virsm\u0101m un labi atbilst cilv\u0113ka uztverei, skatoties tie\u0161i uz virsmu. Alternat\u012bva m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas \u0123eometrija ir Sf\u0113riskais galvas skait\u012bt\u0101js<\/a>e ar integr\u0113jo\u0161o lodi, piem\u0113ram, Konica Minolta CM26d. \u0160\u0101das ier\u012bces izklied\u0113ti apgaismo paraugu no vis\u0101m pus\u0113m un uztver atstaroto gaismu liel\u0101k\u0101 laukum\u0101. T\u0101s ir piem\u0113rotas tekstur\u0113t\u0101m, sp\u012bd\u012bg\u0101m vai met\u0101lisk\u0101m virsm\u0101m, jo t\u0101s neietekm\u0113 gaismu. Glam\u016brs<\/a>efektu un nodro\u0161ina konsekvent\u0101kus m\u0113r\u012bjumus neatkar\u012bgi no ier\u012bces orient\u0101cijas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kr\u0101su m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas ier\u012bces tiek izmantotas vis\u0101 darba proces\u0101. Pirmsdrukas posm\u0101 t\u0101s tiek izmantotas, lai uz\u0146emtu ori\u0123in\u0101lus un izveidotu ICC profilus monitoriem un p\u0101rbaudes printeriem. Korekcijas zon\u0101 t\u0101s ir \u013coti svar\u012bgas, lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu un dokument\u0113tu kr\u0101su precizit\u0101ti. \u0160im nol\u016bkam Kr\u0101su att\u0101lums<\/a> starp p\u0101rbaudes rezult\u0101tu un m\u0113r\u0137a drukas standartu. Lai nep\u0101rtraukti uzraudz\u012btu kr\u0101su un veiktu kori\u0123\u0113jo\u0161us pas\u0101kumus izm\u0113r\u012bto v\u0113rt\u012bbu novir\u017eu gad\u012bjum\u0101, iespiedma\u0161\u012bn\u0101 tiek izmantotas autom\u0101tiskas vai manu\u0101las kr\u0101su m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas sist\u0113mas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Modern\u0101s kr\u0101su m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas ier\u012bces pied\u0101v\u0101 da\u017e\u0101dus m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cus (M0, M1, M2 un M3), lai noteiktu optisko faktoru ietekmi uz kr\u0101su. Izgaismot\u0101js<\/a>n pap\u012bros, no vienas puses, un da\u017e\u0101dos gaismas avotos, no otras puses. M1 m\u0113r\u012bjums ir \u012bpa\u0161i svar\u012bgs, jo tas \u013cauj veikt m\u0113r\u012bjumus pie str\u0101vas. Standarta gaisma<\/a> D50<\/a> ar defi<\/a>Kr\u0101su imit\u0113, izmantojot at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgu UV gaismas proporciju, lai uzbudin\u0101tu optiskos balin\u0101t\u0101jus. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di tiek nodro\u0161in\u0101ts konsekvents kr\u0101su nov\u0113rt\u0113jums uz p\u0101rbaudes un iespiest\u0101s lapas, jo \u012bpa\u0161i tad, ja tiek druk\u0101ti abi eksempl\u0101ri. optiskie balin\u0101t\u0101ji<\/a> iek\u013cauts. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Iek\u0101rtas kr\u0101sas hromatiskuma koordin\u0101tu m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anai, kas pal\u012bdz noteikt eso\u0161\u0101s kr\u0101sas kr\u0101su v\u0113rt\u012bbas.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2905","encyclopedia","type-encyclopedia","status-publish","hentry","no-featured-image-padding"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t